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[O] Geography(Pure) Smart Guides

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  1. Topic I: Coasts(Physical)

    1. How and why are coastal environments different and dynamic?
    5 Topics
  2. 2. Why are coastal areas valuable?
    4 Topics
  3. 3. How can we manage coastal areas in a sustainable manner?
    2 Topics
  4. Topic II: Living with Tectonic Hazards(Physical)
    4. Why are some areas more prone to tectonic hazards?
    2 Topics
  5. 5. What landforms and associated tectonic phenomena are found at plate boundaries?
    3 Topics
  6. 6. How do people prepare for and respond to earthquakes?
    3 Topics
  7. Topic III: Variable Weather and Changing Climate(Physical)
    7. Why do different places experience different weather and climate?
    7 Topics
  8. 8. What is happening to the Earth’s climate?
    5 Topics
  9. 9. Is the weather becoming more extreme?
    4 Topics
  10. Topic IV: Global Tourism(Human)
    10. How does the nature of tourism vary from place to place?
    2 Topics
  11. 11. Why has tourism become a global phenomenon?
    3 Topics
  12. 12. Developing tourism at what cost?
    2 Topics
  13. Topic V: Food Resources(Human)
    13. How and why have food consumption patterns changed since the 1960s?
    6 Topics
  14. 14. What are the trends and challenges in the production of food crops?
    4 Topics
  15. 15. How can the problem of food shortage be addressed?
    1 Topic
  16. Topic VI: Health and Diseases(Human)
    16. What are the global patterns of health and diseases?
    3 Topics
  17. 17. What influences the spread and impact of infectious diseases?
    3 Topics
  18. 18. How can we manage the current and future spread of infectious diseases?
    4 Topics
  19. Topic VII: Geography Skills and Investigations
    19. Map Reading
    11 Topics
  20. 20. Tourism Fieldwork
    1 Topic
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OVERCOLLECTING

Overfishing in reefs and surrounding waters
IMPACT: depletion of fish disrupts the delicate balance of the ecosystem’s food chain; predators of these fish have less to feed on while their prey is able to increase in numbers.

FISHING METHODS

Dynamite blasting and the use of cyanide to stun fish
IMPACT: coral reef habitat is destroyed

Spearfishing

IMPACT: selective depletion of fish population disrupts the ecosystem’s food chain. Eg. Parrotfish eat algae that may inhibit coral growth

RECREATIONAL USE OF COAST

Tourism activities such as the building of facilities, trampling, and anchoring of boats.
IMPACT: Waste may be discharged into water and stress corals; boat anchors may damage corals

POLLUTION

Excess fertilizers and chemicals washed from agricultural land; oils and heavy metals from untreated industrial wastes and sewage from urban areas.
IMPACT: Water can become turbid or murky, preventing sunlight from reaching the coral polyps

SILTATION

Reclamation and extension of land areas by dumping rock and sand onto reefs.
Impact: coral reefs are suffocated by sediments and are destroyed.


Expansion of coastal resorts and urban housing increases the likelihood of more waste being deposited into the sea.
Impact: coral reefs are suffocated by sediments and are destroyed.

CLIMATE CHANGE

Rapid changes in sea temperatures and sea levels may be faster than the ability of the reefs and their associated life forms to adjust.
Impact: Coral bleaching occurs when higher sea temperatures result in the loss of algae; this causes the coral to turn completely white or be bleached