Separate Solid from a Liquid

Filtration

Purpose:

• Separate insoluble solid particles from a liquid

Example:

• Separate sand from water

Residue:

• A solid that remains on the filter paper
• Sand

Filtrate:

• It is a liquid or solution that passes through the filter paper
• Water

Evaporation to Dryness

Purpose:

• To obtain a soluble solid from a solution by heating the solution until all the water has boiled off.
• However, Solid obtained will not always be pure.

Crystallisation

Purpose:

• obtaining a pure solid sample from its solution.

• Dissolve the impure copper(II) sulfate crystals in water.
• Filter to remove any insoluble impurities. Collect the filtrate.

• Heat the copper(Ii) sulfate solution until it is saturated.
• Saturated: until there is only a little bit of solution left

• When the solution is saturated, leave it to cool and crystallise.
• Filter to collect the crystals. Wash the crystals with a little cold distilled water to remove impurities. Dry the crystals between a few sheets of filter paper.